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Fill in the gaps. 

A flexible budget is a budget which, by recognising ..................... , is designed to ........................  as the level of activity changes.  

 Fill in the blanks. 

A well-organised system of control should have the following features. 

(a) A hierarchy of .................. 

(b) Clearly identified .................. for achieving budget targets (c) Responsibilities for ................... , ................... and .....................  

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【论述题】

Prepare for next year a flexible budget statement on the assumption that the company operates at 85% of capacity; your statement should show both contribution and profit. 

State three problems which may arise from the change in capacity level. 

 Explain what is meant by the principle of controllability. 

 Which of the following accounting procedures are used for controlling costs conditional on a given volume of production? 

A

 Flexible budgeting    YES                         Standard costing   YES

B

 Flexible budgeting    YES                         Standard costing  NO

C

 Flexible budgeting    NO                         Standard costing   YES

D

 Flexible budgeting    NO                         Standard costing   NO

When considering setting standards for costing, which of the following would NOT be appropriate? 

A

 The normal level of activity should always be used for absorbing overheads 

B

 Average prices for materials should be used, encompassing any discounts that are regularly available 

C

 The labour rate used will be the rate at which the labour is paid 

D

 Average material usage should be established based on generally-accepted working practices 

 In which of the following production environments is the use of standard costs most appropriate? 

A

 For mass produced products 

B

 In a JIT production environment 

C

 In a target costing environment 

D

 In a TQM production environment 

Which of the following statements about standard costing is NOT correct? 

A

 Standard costing is less applicable in a modern manufacturing environment where a large proportion of total costs are overhead costs that are fixed in the short term 

B

 Managers expect to access up to date performance information on-line, and standard costing systems do not easily provide this 

C

 Management may prefer alternative methods of performance reporting instead of standard costing 

D

 Managers no longer rely on formal budgetary control reports to monitor performance 

 Which type of standard cost is most useful for monitoring trends in performance over time? 

A

 Attainable standard 

B

 Basic standard 

C

 Current standard 

D

 Ideal standard