dragomen

Dragomen and checkpoints
Interpreters at the crossroads of cultures or dragomen in the Ottoman Empire (16th to early 20th century)
David Jamal, head dragomen. Palestine
The dragoman's revenge
How Conference Interpretation Grew
Les interprètes au carrefour des cultures: ou les drogmans dans l'Empire ottoman (XVI-debut du XX siècle)
English Turks and Resistant Travelers: Conversion to Islam and Homosocial Courtship
English Turks and Resistant Travelers: Conversion to Islam and Homosocial Courtship
Beginnings
The Situation of French and German Teaching as a Foreign Language in Ottoman Empire