tokenism

释义

象征主义；

1. Appointing one woman to the otherwise all-male staff could look like tokenism.
   给原本清一色的男职员队伍增派一位女性会显得是装点门面。
2. Women have not even reached the level of tokenism that blacks are reaching.
   妇女甚至还没有达到黑人所达到的象征性的平等水平。

Tokenism
Tokenism
Tokenism
RETHINKING TOKENISM:
Tokenism in Performance Evaluation
Rethinking Tokenism: Looking beyond Numbers
Tokenism and Women in the Workplace: The Limits of Gender-Neutral Theory
Responding to tokenism: individual action in the face of collective injustice
The Triumph of Tokenism: The Voting Rights Act and the Theory of Black Electoral Success
Women Directors on Corporate Boards: From Tokenism to Critical Mass
Tokenism in performance evaluation: The effects of work group representation on male-female and White-Black differences in performan...
The Differential Impact of Gender Ratios on Women and Men: Tokenism, Self-Confidence, and Expectations
Memory deficits and memory surfeits: differential cognitive consequences of tokenism for tokens and observers.