cardinal vowel

n.

基本元音（共有十六个）；

Nasal Vowel
A complete KALDI recipe for building Arabic speech recognition systems
A biomechanical model of cardinal vowel production: muscle activations and the impact of gravity on tongue positioning
A two-formant model and the cardinal vowels
Extrinsic normalization of vowel formant values based on cardinal vowels mapping
An acoustical analysis of the cardinal vowels as spoken by Daniel Jones
An acoustic comparison: Setswana vowels versus the cardinal vowels
Automatic vowel quality description using a variable mapping to an eight cardinal vowel reference set
Automatic vowel quality description using a variable mapping to an eight cardinal vowel reference set
An acoustical analysis of the cardinal vowels as spoken by Daniel Jones