题目

 Comment on the positions shown by the charts and your calculations and discuss what other factors management should consider before making a decision. 

考点:Chapter3Costvolumeprofit(CVP)analysis

The first chart shows a breakeven point of 15.55 million cans ($5.13m sales value) and a margin of safety of 3.45 million cans ($1.14m sales value). Forecast profit for sales of 19 million cans is $620,000. 

The second chart shows a breakeven point of 15.24 million cans ($5.64m sales value) and a margin of safety of 3.76 million cans ($1.39m sales value). Forecast profit for sales of 19 million cans is $790,000. 

Option 2 therefore results in a higher profit figure, as well as a lower breakeven point and increased margin of safety. On this basis it is the better of the two options. 

Other factors which management should consider before making a decision  

(i) The supermarket chains may put the same pressure on margins and prices of the BD brand as they do on the own label brands. 

(ii) Customers may realise that the BD brand is the same product as the own label brand and may not be willing to pay the premium price. 

(iii) If the mix of sales can be changed in favour of the BD brand then profits will improve still further. 

多做几道

 A public health clinic is the subject of a scheme to measure its efficiency and effectiveness. Among a number of factors, the 'quality of care provided' has been included as an aspect of the clinic's service to be measured. Three features of 'quality of care provided' have been listed. 

(1) Clinic's adherence to appointment times 

(2) Patients' ability to contact the clinic and make appointments without difficulty 

(3) The provision of a comprehensive patient health monitoring programme 

Required

 (i) Suggest a set of quantitative measures which can be used to identify the effective level of achievement of each of the features listed.

(ii) Indicate how these measures could be combined into a single 'quality of care' measure. 

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18

【论述题】

The absence of the profit measure in non profit seeking organisations causes problems for the measurement of their efficiency and effectiveness. 

Required 

(i) Explain why the absence of the profit measure should be a cause of the problems referred to.

(ii) Explain how these problems extend to activities within business entities which have a profit motive. Support your answer with examples. 

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24

【论述题】

Compare and contrast the use of residual income and return on investment in divisionalperformance measurement, stating the advantages and disadvantages of each. 

 Division Y of Chardonnay currently has capital employed of $100,000 and earns an annual profit after depreciation of $18,000. The divisional manager is considering an investment of $10,000 in an asset which will have a ten-year life with no residual value and will earn a constant annual profit after depreciation of $1,600. The cost of capital is 15%. 

Calculate the following and comment on the results. 

(i) The return on divisional investment before and after the new investment 

(ii) The divisional residual income before and after the new investment 

 Explain the potential benefits of operating a transfer pricing system within a divisionalised company. 

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