题目

 Provide five reasons why poor attitudes could arise when a budget is implemented. 

Chapter13Performanceanalysisandbehaviouralaspects

(a) Managers might put in only just enough effort to achieve budget targets, without trying to beat targets. 

(b) A formal budget might encourage rigidity and discourage flexibility in operational decision-making. 

(c) Short-term planning in a budget can draw attention away from the longer-term consequences of decisions. 

(d) Co-operation and communication between managers might be minimal. 

(e) Managers will often try to make sure that they spend up to their full budget allowance, and do not overspend, so that they will not be accused of having asked for too much spending allowance in the first place. 

多做几道

What objectives might the following not for profit organisations have? 

(a) An army                                                (d) A political party 

(b) A local council                                     (e) A college 

(c) A charity 

One of the objectives of a local government body could be 'to provide adequate street lighting throughout the area'. 

(a) How could the 'adequacy' of street lighting be measured? 

(b) Assume that other objectives are to improve road safety in the area and to reduce crime. How much does 'adequate' street lighting contribute to each of these aims? 

(c) What is an excessive amount of money to pay for adequately lit streets, improved road safety and reduced crime? How much is too little? 

What general objectives of non profit seeking organisations are being described in each of the following? 

(a) Maximising what is offered 

(b) Satisfying the wants of staff and volunteers 

(c) Equivalent to profit maximisation 

(d) Matching capacity available 

A division with capital employed of $400,000 currently earns an ROI of 22%. It can make an additional investment of $50,000 for a five year life with nil residual value. The average net profit from this investment would be $12,000 after depreciation. The division's cost of capital is 14%. 

What are the residual incomes before and after the investment? 

The transfer pricing system operated by a divisional company has the potential to make a significant contribution towards the achievement of corporate financial objectives. 

Required 

Explain the potential benefits of operating a transfer pricing system within a divisionalised company. 

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