题目

Sutton produces four products. Relevant data is shown below for period 2.

                                                                           Product M                  Product A                  Product R                Product P 

C/S ratio                                                                 5%                             10%                             15%                        20% 

Maximum sales value                                     $200,000                  $120,000                    $200,000               $180,000 

Minimum sales value                                        $50,000                     $50,000                      $20,000                  $10,000 

The fixed costs for period 2 are budgeted at $60,000. 

Required 

Fill in the blank in the sentence below. 

The lowest breakeven sales value, subject to meeting the minimum sales value constraints, is $........….. 

Chapter3Costvolumeprofit(CVP)analysis

The correct answer is $390,000.  

Breakeven point occurs when contribution = fixed costs. 

 ∴ Minimum breakeven point occurs when contribution is $60,000. 

Contribution achieved from minimum sales value 

Product P has the highest C/S ratio and so should be produced first (as it earns more contribution per $ of revenue than the others). 

Contribution from sales of P between minimum and maximum points = $170,000 × 20% = $34,000 

∴ Required contribution from Product R (which has the next highest C/S ratio)  

                    = $(60,000 – 12,500 – 34,000)  

                    = $13,500 

Revenue from Product R of $13,500/0.15 = $90,000 will produce $13,500 of contribution. 

∴ Lowest breakeven sales   = $130,000 (minimum sales) + $170,000 (from P) + $90,000 (from R)  = $390,000 


多做几道

What objectives might the following not for profit organisations have? 

(a) An army                                                (d) A political party 

(b) A local council                                     (e) A college 

(c) A charity 

One of the objectives of a local government body could be 'to provide adequate street lighting throughout the area'. 

(a) How could the 'adequacy' of street lighting be measured? 

(b) Assume that other objectives are to improve road safety in the area and to reduce crime. How much does 'adequate' street lighting contribute to each of these aims? 

(c) What is an excessive amount of money to pay for adequately lit streets, improved road safety and reduced crime? How much is too little? 

What general objectives of non profit seeking organisations are being described in each of the following? 

(a) Maximising what is offered 

(b) Satisfying the wants of staff and volunteers 

(c) Equivalent to profit maximisation 

(d) Matching capacity available 

A division with capital employed of $400,000 currently earns an ROI of 22%. It can make an additional investment of $50,000 for a five year life with nil residual value. The average net profit from this investment would be $12,000 after depreciation. The division's cost of capital is 14%. 

What are the residual incomes before and after the investment? 

The transfer pricing system operated by a divisional company has the potential to make a significant contribution towards the achievement of corporate financial objectives. 

Required 

Explain the potential benefits of operating a transfer pricing system within a divisionalised company. 

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