行政组织与外部环境的互依性表现在（）
美国行政改革中的创新基金来源于（）
英国改革人事制度的具体做法有（）
我国行政组织改革中，需要同行政组织理顺职能关系的组织包括（）
行政组织职能的膨胀引起与其他社会组织职能的冲突，主要表现在（）
行政组织需要进行变革时，一般会出现的征兆有（）
题目
行政组织与外部环境的互依性
行政组织与外部环境密切关联，它们相互影响、相互依赖。行政组织适应外部环境的需要而产生，又能动地选择与塑造外部环境。
行政组织与外部环境互依性的首要表现，具体包括：第一，行政组织是适应外部环境的需要而产生的；第二，外部环境的需要不仅决定行政组织的产生，而且制约着其价值观、目标、规模、结构与行为方式；第三，行政组织的物质要素—人、财、物，非物质要素——信息，都要从外部环境输入。
行政组织与外部环境互依性的又一表现，具体包括：第一，行政组织作为一个开放系统，必然要从外部环境中接受物质、能量和信息的投入。
第二，行政组织不仅选择外部环境，更要设法改善、控制外部环境。
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- 材料全屏 Singapore【*】Singapore is an independent city-state in southeastern Asia, consisting of one major island—the Singapore island—and more than 50 small islands, located off the southern tip of Malay. The city of Singapore, the capital of the country, is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island; it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the republic is 640 sq kmLow-lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief(轮廓鲜明的) features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m. The country has a wet tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 27.20℃. The average annual rainfall is 2.413 mm. the wettest months are November through January.Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president, elected to a four-year term, is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be selected by Parliament, but by 1991 constitutional amendment（修正案）, the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the law-making body with its 81 members popularly elected.【*】In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students. The main institutions of higher education are the National University of Singapore, several technical colleges, and a teachers college.【*】Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at $23.7 billion, or $8, 870 per person. The fishing industry is centered on the port of During, on southwestern Singapore Island. Industry has grown rapidly since the 1960s, and Singapore now produces a diversity of goods, including chemicals, electronic items, clothing, and processed foods, etc. Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important.1【单选】Paragraph 1（）AEducationBLand and ClimateCState SystemDGeneral IntroductionEEconomyFPopulation
- Paragraph 2（）AEducationBLand and ClimateCState SystemDGeneral IntroductionEEconomyFPopulation
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- 材料全屏 Job or Money【*】Would you quit your job if you didn't need the money? In a 1990 poll by the Gallop Organization, many people said quitting work was an important reason to be rich. Yet researchers find that work is one of life's chief satisfactions for people.【*】Consider W. Berry Fowler. In 1979, Fowler started a tutoring company that became so successful he was able to sell out and retire in 1978----a multimillionaire at 40. He bought a 50-foot cabin cruiser and a house in Hawaii, and busied himself vacationing.【*】But after five years of perpetual vacation, Fowler began to miss the challenges of work. So in 1992, he bought a fitness chain for children and now spends 75 hours a week immersed in balance sheets and staff meetings."My best days on the golf course weren't half as much fun as a good day at the office, he says.【*】A job, studies show, is more than a paycheck. Doing something well can increase confidence and self-worth. When sociologist H. Ray Kaplan surveyed 139 lottery millionaires, he discovered 60 percent continued working at least a year after they’d won.【*】If jobs are so important, wouldn't salary size be a gauge of job satisfaction? Americans think so. A survey conducted last year by Roper Starch Worldwide, Inc. , found that almost 70 percent of the respondents said they would be happier if their families had twice as much household income. Yet studies show that job satisfaction comes less from how much people earn than from the challenge of their jobs and the control they are able to exert. Work that doesn't engage a person will never seem rewarding, no matter how lucrative it becomes.1【单选】The Gallop poll shows many people want to be rich in order not to work.（）A RightBWrongCNot mentioned
- Researchers did another survey after the Gallop poll.（）ARightBWrongCNot mentioned
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