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 Assess the performance of the production manager for the month of November. 

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【论述题】

 Calculate the revised standard costs. 

 Using the information provided demonstrate how the planning and operational variances in the operating statement have been calculated. 

 Explain the significance of separating variances into planning and operational elements and the problems which could arise. 

 What three factors are said to determine the effectiveness of participation in target setting? 

A

 Nature of the task, organisation structure, personality 

B

Personality, technology, organisation structure 

C

 Nature of the task, production processes, personality 

D

 Personality, leadership style, aspirations 

 A budget for motivational purposes, with fairly difficult targets of performance, is an aspirations budget. 

A

True

B

false

 In which of the following circumstances are participative budgets likely to be effective? 

(1) In very large organisations 

(2) During periods of economic affluence 

(3) When an organisation's different units act autonomously 

(4) In newly-formed organisations 

A

 4 only 

B

 1 and 2 

C

 1, 2 and 3 

D

 1, 2, 3 and 4 

 Participation by staff in the budgeting process is often seen as an aid to the creation of a realistic budget and to the motivation of staff. There are, however, limitations to the effectiveness of such participation. 

Which of the following illustrates one of these limitations? 

A

 Participation allows staff to buy into the budget 

B

Staff suggestions may be ignored leading to de-motivation 

C

 Staff suggestions may be based on local knowledge 

D

 Budgetary slack can be built in by senior manager as well as staff 

 Which of the following statements about budgeting and motivation are true? 

(1) A target is more motivating than no target at all 

(2) The problem with a target is setting an appropriate degree of difficulty 

(3) Employees who are challenged tend to withdraw their commitment 

A

 All of them 

B

 2 and 3 only 

C

 1 and 2 only 

D

 3 only 

 Which of the following best describes a top-down budget? 

A

 A budget which has been set by scaling down individual expenditure items until the total budgeted expenditure can be met from available resources 

B

A budget which is set by delegating authority from top management, allowing budget holders to participate in setting their own budgets 

C

 A budget which is set without permitting the ultimate budget holder to participate in the budgeting process 

D

A budget which is set within the framework of strategic plans determined by top management